Tablet Devices - A Real 'Disruption'?

Here is an article which appeared recently on the website of Tablet Academy in Europe. The piece is interesting because it posits the view that mobile devices are the biggest disruptive influence to traditional models of education since the arrival of the internet.

This is a pretty big claim to make; after all, the internet completely changed the learning landscape and drove a coach and horses through the schooling model which had existed for over a hundred years. The one where the teacher was the most knowledgeable person in the classroom (it's now Wikipedia which can make that claim I guess).

The term, 'Disruptive Technology' was one coined by Clayten Christensen a few years ago to describe technology which disrupts the existing technology by doing things in new ways rather than by trying to replace the existing tech. If we widen out the paradigm, we can apply it to almost any new innovation which comes up against an existing or traditional model. Thus,we arrive at the appearance of tablet devices in education. It's arguable weather they are a true disruption, however, when used *as* a disruptive tool, they do have the power to drive real lasting transformation. The SAMR model, despite recent criticism, demonstrates how this might be so.

Tablet devices, with the iPad in the vanguard, have driven transformation in education. The on-line discussions, and increased interest in technology-driven school improvement from educators is evidence of this mind-shift. Schools,colleges and universities the world over are now adopting technologies for learning and the tablet revolution has contributed hugely to this.

When considering tablet roll-outs or BYOT (bring your own technology) schemes, it is important to do some research and take advice. Unrepresentative schemes involving very small numbers of devices making claims to be the first of this that or the other are generally best avoided, however there is plenty of good case study evidence out there, and plenty of folks who are able to offer advice.

Which platform to chose for your particular roll out is also important. You will probably get quite a one sided view from folks who have only been involved with one particular platform, whereas a more objective point of view might be obtained from someone with experience of all three major operating systems and device types. Contrary to what you might hear, iPads are not the 'gold standard' of tablet devices. Many organisations will be far better served by Android or Windows 8 devices. What is important is your individual need. Our tablet Academy Africa Windows 8 courses are proving more and more popular with many users who have preferred the tablet devices running on this platform for reasons of familiarity and inter-operability and informed sources reckon that Windows 8 devices will push Apple all the way for market share dominance over the coming months across Africa and the Middle East. Android devices, with their excellent Apps for Education from the Google Play Store make great choices, particularly where budget is an issue (although the higher end Android devices are superb).

I've been doing lots of work with Android apps recently, and they are closing the gap, and in some instances, overtaking iPad apps in terms of their use in learning and teaching. Windows devices give the benefit of both apps and web-based use with their ability to flip from app screen to traditional desktop view for more powerful functionality ( the Microsoft Office Web Apps are a great example of this).

And so when people say things like... Its not about the tech, its about the teaching  they are really quite wrong, in my view. Because the tech, and more importantly, the platform are the drivers of the shift to a much more self-organised learning experience which students relate to in this day and age (as opposed to the more traditional didactic model). All three platforms will play their own parts in this culture shift but the choice you make will be better served by being well informed before you make the shift and spend your bucks.

The Web 3.0 world of interactive creative mash-ups is pushing Web 2.0 out of the picture by using tools which are culturally relevant to today's learners (and that includes all of us, actually). Tablet devices and smart phones are pushing this web 3.0 world and with it, the Internet of Things increasingly centre-stage. Education can ride this change if we can dare to dare...and make informed choices.

Leading from the middle?

So do we still need teachers in this age of heutagogy? What are the necessary checks and balances, if any, to the notion of knowledge grazing?  Sugata Mitra takes it to the extreme  with his notion of the hole in the wall computer and self organised learning environments  but is this the way education is  going or is it more a case of a journey with many different  potential routes and destinations? Will there even be a final destination (in the form of an  exam or exams) in this age of lifelong learning where learning 'bites' can be rewarded with  badges evidencing achievement.

 Well, I believe we still do need teachers, because society is by its nature a structural paradigm and one   of the structures underpinning society is this concept of  'getting an education'. We rightly value        education in present day society just as much as we ever did. It is seen as the way out of poverty in the  developing world, it is valued as a prize to be achieved. Ask most people how they obtain a better job  or status in society and they'll tell you that doing well at school is possibly the biggest single factor  leading to such an elevation in status.  But is it still school that can deliver this? Two particular current authors of books about education certainly doubt this. Guy Claxton asks the question, what's the point  of school?  And Clayten Christensen posits the disruptive technology paradigm, so might the more  self directed heutagogical alternative to traditional schooling be a sort of 'disruptive technology' to    traditional schooling?

The glue which might stick all of this together for me is formative assessment. One of the biggest influences on teachers of my generation was Dylan William and Paul Black's work on formative assessment and the concept of Assessment for Learning, because it reminds us what great teachers can achieve, not by transmitting knowledge (of which they are not even the gatekeepers anymore) or by drilling facts into memory, or even to its most radical extent, pointing or signposting the way to set 'versions' of knowledge, but by directing the learner towards a path of self fulfilment and lifelong continuous achievement.

Society does need teachers and it perhaps needs to realign the concept of education to better fit an evolving understanding of the value of learning as an adjunct to development rather than the be all and end all. The days of passing exams to get through stages in education are probably coming to an end, at least in compulsory schooling. But what, if anything, do we replace them with?

Pasi Sahlberg, in his book, Finnish Lessons, might just point the way. In his re telling of  the story behind the success of the Finnish education system in recent years, he makes a  number of important points, but most of them can be traced back to societal shift. This,  when added to a realignment of the national structures governing education has driven  forward an agenda of huge improvement in the education (measured, it has to be said by  testing achievement in a way which is most un-Finnish: the standardised test). Trusting  teachers to assess rather than transmit knowledge has been a big driving force behind  this change. I saw this when I visited the country some years back, a focus on  continuous formative assessment forming the basis of almost every interaction between teacher and student. The professional status of the teacher in their society is high. There is much societal capital in being a teacher. It automatically conjures up the image of a highly educated child centred person in the mind of most Finns. It is something to aspire to being in the same way that being a doctor or lawyer does. The Finnish teacher education programme is built on the twin pillars of high academic achievement (masters level degree followed by excellent teacher training) and career long CPD

But it's rather more than just having excellent qualifications and top notch training. The system is free from external 'brakes' to slow down learning. Such things as external inspection and examinations are a thing of the past, replaced by trust and a willingness to keep faith with this excellent foundation of good people well educated and trained for their job. . The Finns have built in agency to their system as well as capacity, in that it is continually generating improvement due to the structures in place and the recognition of its importance to the success of their country in the world.

Assessment is why we need teachers. Not examinations, or even summative assessment, but assessment for learning. We need assessment to define the route map which can be followed so that kids can direct their learning toward their goals in life. We need teachers to question them on what it is they have learned, and how well they understand it directing them back and forth through their knowledge grazing journey. Teachers are needed to help them self assess their progress, and to help them reorient where necessary, not to tell them what to learn but to show them where to go on their journey through knowledge acquisition, and more importantly, skills acquisition.

It is generally recognised that there does need to be a curriculum of sorts I believe. Children do need to be literate and numerate and more than this, to be able to recognise that learning does need to have a direction, or set if goals if it is to lead to college, training, jobs or university based careers and professions. So there is still a place for school but not perhaps as we know it, for the Finnish lesson has been the disruptive paradigm pushing a change agenda.

Formative assessment might be the disruptive paradigm to traditional instructional models of schooling, and so this traditional model of schooling should be replaced by something more akin to real education. Badges are the disruptive paradigm to examination and summative assessment.

Good formative assessment signposts the way towards valuable achievement and attainment. Good teachers recognise that this is their skill-set and their evolving role. They can direct knowledge grazing toward fresh pastures without reining it in and keeping it in exhausted fields. This type of teaching encourages skills acquisition rather than knowledge transfer which is a redundant concept in this Information Age. Those pictures of Aristotle standing holding forth to a group of enraptured students are not what school is about. Perhaps having Aristotle sitting amongst the students subtly influencing the direction of their discussions is more apt if we are to transpose the image onto a more modern day vista.

Leading from the middle perhaps?